Uterine Cyst

The term “uterine cyst” is commonly used by patients, but medically it is not a single specific diagnosis. Cysts can occur on the cervix, within the uterine wall, or near the uterus, and they vary widely in significance. Most are benign (non-cancerous) and many do not require treatment.

The exact type of cyst is usually identified with a pelvic examination and imaging, such as ultrasound.

Types of Cysts Related to the Uterus

1. Nabothian Cysts (Cervical Cysts)

Nabothian cysts are the most common cysts associated with the uterus, although they actually develop on the cervix (the lower part of the uterus).

Causes

They occur when mucus-producing glands in the cervix become blocked.

Features

• Small, smooth, fluid-filled cysts
• Usually painless
• Common after childbirth or cervical inflammation
• Often found during routine pelvic examination

Symptoms

Most women have no symptoms.

Occasionally:

• Mild pelvic discomfort
• Vaginal discharge (rare)
• Feeling of fullness (if very large)

Treatment

Usually no treatment is needed unless the cyst is unusually large or causing symptoms.

2. Cystic Degeneration in Uterine Fibroids

Sometimes a uterine fibroid undergoes degeneration and develops fluid-filled areas, giving it a cyst-like appearance.

Symptoms may include:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pain
• Pressure symptoms
• Enlarged uterus

Treatment depends on the size of the fibroid, symptoms, age, and fertility goals.

3. Adenomyotic Cysts

These are uncommon cystic spaces that may occur in women with adenomyosis, where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows into the muscular wall of the uterus.

Symptoms

• Severe menstrual pain
• Heavy bleeding
• Chronic pelvic pain

4. Congenital Uterine Cysts (Rare)

Some women are born with small cystic abnormalities due to developmental changes in the reproductive tract.

These are uncommon and are often discovered incidentally.

5. Inclusion Cysts After Surgery

Women who have had procedures involving the uterus or cervix may occasionally develop small benign inclusion cysts during healing.

Causes and Risk Factors

Possible contributing factors include:

• Previous childbirth
• Cervical inflammation or infection
• Hormonal influences
• Previous cervical procedures or surgery
• Uterine fibroids
• Adenomyosis
• Increasing age

Symptoms

Many uterine-related cysts cause no symptoms.

If symptoms occur, they may include:

• Pelvic pain or discomfort
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Irregular periods
• Pain during intercourse
• Pelvic pressure
• Vaginal discharge (occasionally)
• Difficulty conceiving, depending on the underlying condition